Systems, Devices, and/or Methods for Managing Implantable Devices

ABSTRACT

Certain exemplary embodiments can provide a system, machine, device, manufacture, circuit, composition of matter, and/or user interface adapted for and/or resulting from, and/or a method and/or machine-readable medium comprising machine-implementable instructions for, activities that can comprise and/or relate to, via a device implanted in a mammal, sensing a ciliary muscle movement and/or force and/or converting the ciliary muscle movement and/or force to a signal and/or a predetermined form of power.

CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to, and incorporates by referenceherein in its entirety, pending U.S. Provisional Patent Application61/636,969 (Attorney Docket No. 1149-285), filed 23 Apr. 2012 andpending United Kingdom Patent Application 1306971.1 (Attorney Docket No.1149-322), filed 17 Apr. 2013.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A wide variety of potential, feasible, and/or useful embodiments will bemore readily understood through the herein-provided, non-limiting,non-exhaustive description of certain exemplary embodiments, withreference to the accompanying exemplary drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a side view of an exemplary lens of an exemplary mammalianeye;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a system;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a system;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a system;

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a system;

FIG. 6 is a flowchart of an exemplary embodiment of a method; and

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of an informationdevice.

DESCRIPTION

Certain exemplary embodiments can provide a system, machine, device,manufacture, circuit, composition of matter, and/or user interfaceadapted for and/or resulting from, and/or a method and/ormachine-readable medium comprising machine-implementable instructionsfor, activities that can comprise and/or relate to, via a deviceimplanted in a mammal, sensing a ciliary muscle movement and/or forceand/or converting the ciliary muscle movement and/or force to a signaland/or a predetermined form of power.

Certain exemplary embodiments can provide a system, machine, device,manufacture, circuit, composition of matter, and/or user interfaceadapted for and/or resulting from, and/or a method and/ormachine-readable medium comprising machine-implementable instructionsfor, activities that can comprise and/or relate to:

-   -   from a first transmitter adapted to be operated by a        predetermined first finger of a user:        -   wirelessly transmitting a first signal to one or more            receivers of an ophthalmic device when the first transmitter            is within a predetermined proximity of the one or more            receivers, the first signal potentially adapted to cause the            ophthalmic device to provide the user with a first            predetermined visual condition; and/or    -   from a second transmitter adapted to be operated by a        predetermined second finger of the user:        -   wirelessly transmit a second signal to the one or more            receivers when the second transmitter is within a            predetermined proximity of the one or more receivers, the            second signal potentially adapted to cause the ophthalmic            device to provide the user with a second predetermined            visual condition.

It is now feasible to implant into the human eye devices that requireelectrical power to operate. For example, it is now feasible to implantinto the eye an optical lens that can change power to restore theaccommodative capability of the eye. Such devices typically needelectrical power to operate. Some such devices need a means by whichthey can be controlled to perform their intended function.

Certain exemplary embodiments can produce power inside of the eye sothat the implantable device does not require external devices tooperate. Certain exemplary embodiments can produce one or more usablesignals to trigger and/or control the use of one or more implantabledevices to achieve their purpose, such as an optical focusing lens.

Certain exemplary embodiments can harness the power of the ciliarymuscle. When the human brain requires that the eye change focus, theciliary muscle is commanded to actuate. This actuation can be used forpower generation and/or for generating a signal to trigger a change infocus.

The ciliary muscle is a ring-shaped muscle inside of the eye that isconnected by strings, or zonules, to the lens of the eye. When themuscle actuates is becomes smaller in diameter, relaxing the pullingforce on the zonules, allowing the lens to relax into a steeper-curvedshape, producing more optical power. When the muscle relaxes, the ringshape expands, the zonules pull on the lens, and the lens becomes lesscurved with less optical power. This is the generally accepted theory ofaccommodation (i.e., Helmholtz), and will be the model used herein.However, there are competing theories being considered (e.g., Schachar),that propose that the accommodative action of the eye is caused by thereverse of this process. For purposes of this document, if the secondtheory of accommodation proves to be true, then the concepts describedherein are still valid, except that the mechanisms will need to beadjusted to take into account the opposite forces being harnessed and/ormonitored, and as such it will become apparent to the reader that thoseskilled in the art of mechanical engineering easily can adjust thedesign disclosed herein to accomplish this.

When a person forms a cataract in the lens of their eye, the lens mightbe replaced by a prosthetic lens referred to as an Intraocular Lens, orIOL. As known to those skilled in the art of ophthalmic cataractsurgery, the capsule is opened up, the cataract lens is removed, and anew IOL is placed into the capsule to replace the cataract lens. Afterhealing, the ciliary muscle continues to operate, i.e., contracting andexpanding forces are created, but it has no effect upon the new IOL. Anewer approach is to implant a very-low-power-consuming electro-activelens into the eye, and allow the lens to change optical power yet remainstationary.

Certain exemplary embodiments can place, adjacent to the ciliary muscle,a device that converts the mechanical forces created by the ciliarymuscle into power, and that power in turn is used to actuate a lenspower change, or stored for later use, for example into a battery orcapacitor. Certain exemplary embodiments of an implantable ciliarymuscle power converter can create electrical power by physically movinga magnet within a coil to produce a potential, but other structuresand/or principles are also useable to produce electrical power, and anon-limiting example would be the use of the compression of nanowiresand/or a piezoelectric strip. Although certain exemplary embodiments canproduce electrical power, other forms of power, such as hydraulic powerand/or mechanical spring power, can be created and/or used.

Certain exemplary embodiments can monitor the production of power,and/or, from the appearance of this power being created, can interpretsuch power as a signal that accommodation is being needed. Certainexemplary embodiments can provide and/or utilize a variable resistor tosense movement of the ciliary muscle, but other methods also can beused, and non-limiting examples would be monitoring the power producedby power sensors attached to the power generators (e.g., voltagesensors, current sensors, proximity sensors, flow sensors, pressuresensors, strain gages, etc.), compression force sensors attached to themechanisms or to the ciliary muscle itself (e.g., voltage sensors,current sensors, proximity sensors, flow sensors, pressure sensors,strain gages, etc.), etc.

The power-harnessing and movement sensing device in contact with theciliary muscle, such as attached to the capsular equator, also can beused as a mechanical platform upon which to attach the optical powerchanging device and/or its associated controls.

In certain exemplary embodiments, the power harnessing device and/ormovement sensing device instead can be placed inside of the capsule,and/or in turn, the ciliary muscle action can be transferred to thedevice via the zonules connecting the capsule to the ciliary muscle.

FIG. 1 shows one theory of the mechanism of accommodation. On the sidemarked “A,” ciliary muscle 5 is activated, becoming smaller in diameter,and lens 10 is most steep in curvature. Lens 10 is encapsulated incapsule 15, and is connected to ciliary muscle 5 via zonules 20. On sidemarked “R,” ciliary muscle is relaxed, increasing in diameter such thatzonules 20 pull on capsule 15, making lens 10 flatter, thus with lessoptical power.

FIG. 2 shows schematically where the mechanical power can be created.When ciliary muscle 5 b is relaxed, weight 25 is dropped, and whenciliary muscle 5 c is activated, weight 25 is lifted.

FIGS. 3 and 4 show an exemplary embodiment of harnessing the power ofthe ciliary muscle.

In FIG. 3, ciliary muscle 5 b is relaxed in its largest diameter state.Support structures 30 are cradling ciliary muscle 5 b, and have magnets35 attached. Magnets 35 are surrounded in a slideable fashion by coils40, which in turn are supported by ring 25.

In FIG. 4, ciliary muscle 5 c can contract, becoming smaller indiameter, thereby moving magnets 35 deeper into coils 40 and creating anelectrical potential that can be harnessed for battery and/or power cellrecharging, and/or ciliary muscle monitoring. One or more of thecombinations of magnet 35 and coil 40 can be replaced by a variableresistor, known to those skilled in the art of electronics, so that thevariable resistor can be used to monitor the movement of the ciliarymuscle. One or more combinations of magnet 35 and coil 40 can bereplaced with nanowires such that the contraction of ciliary muscle 5 ccauses a pinching of a group of nanowires, which in turn can create anelectrical potential. Also, as known to those skilled in the art ofpower generation, moving magnets relative to structures other thancoils, even a single strand of wire, can create power. Also known tothose skilled in the art of power generation, the mere bending,compressing, expanding or deflection of select materials can be used tocreate energy.

When it is required of the accommodating optic to perform the functionof accommodation, a control signal of some type typically must beprovided to initiate the process of changing the optical power. Althoughthe contraction of the ciliary muscle can be monitored and/orinterpreted to indicate the need for accommodation, then automaticallydetect and act upon such signals, it also can be desirable to providethe ability to manually control the accommodation through deliberateswitching rather than automatic.

For example, a person might be in an environment where the light levelchanges frequently causing the pupil to open and close frequently.Although the pupil movement would be in response only to changing lightlevels and not demands for accommodation, an automatic system might beconfused by such input, and trigger accommodation when it is notrequired. It may also be desirable to provide a simpler product withoutthe complexity of an automatic accommodation system and provide only amanually controllable system to provide greater robustness, lower cost,and/or smaller size.

To meet the needs of a manually controlled optic, and/or allow a personto learn to adjust the focus of their vision in a more instinctive,habitual, and/or reflexive manner, it is proposed to attach two or morewireless transmitters onto and/or into two or more locations on and/orin the wearer's fingers and/or hands, and/or equip the implanted opticwith a receiver or receivers to wirelessly communicate with thetransmitters when the transmitters are within close and/or appropriateproximity to the receiver(s). Each transmitter can be programmed to senda unique signal calling for a particular action of the optic. Forexample, onto the index finger could be attached a transmitter with aninstruction for the optic to “focus far.” When the user wants to focusupon distant objects, they could bring their index finger near to theireye, triggering a “far focus” condition. A second transmitter could beattached to the long finger, and be programmed with the instruction“focus near.” When the user wants to focus upon a near object, theycould bring their long finger near to their eye, triggering a “nearfocus” condition. Combinations could be programmed so that if bothfingers are brought simultaneously to the eye, alternative actions couldbe programmed into the optics to perform such things as “focus betweenfar and near,” or “turn off” By adding more transmitters to more fingersor other parts of the hand, more individual and even more combinationinstructions can be achieved. The transmitters can send a signal to areceiver inside of the eye. The receiver then can instruct anelectro-active lens control circuit to adjust the lens to the opticalpower being signaled by the transmitter.

Having such a configuration of controllers attached to fingers and/orhands can allow the user to adapt to a very simple method to adjusttheir eyesight to various conditions, creating an environment fordeveloping the skill to “act without thinking” when vision changes arerequired.

The technology for accomplishing the wireless communication exists inmany forms, such as RFID circuits, which are generally known to thoseskilled in the art of radio telecommunications.

In another exemplary embodiment, for those unable or unwilling to usemultiple fingers, a key-fob type of transmitter can be used. Thetransmitter can have multiple buttons and/or be programmed to transmitmultiple instruction signals triggered by a sequence of button pushes.

In yet another exemplary embodiment, the transmitter can be the sourceof power to the implanted optic, either as the sole source, the primarysource, or a supplementary source. When the transmitter is moved intoclose proximity of the eye, power can be transmitted into the optic viawireless transfer. Those skilled in the art of wireless powertransmission can design such systems, with one exemplary method beinginductance coils. Placing the transmitter close enough to the eye totransfer power could allow the power storage device inside the implantto recharge, and/or it could provide all the power required to triggerthe optic without having an internal power storage device. Such aconfiguration can be used in an optic that utilizes a liquid crystalthat changes optical state when power is applied, yet remains in thatoptical state when the power is removed, rather than reverting back toanother “at rest state” when the power is removed.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of system 7000,which can comprise a carrier 5100 that can comprise any number ofbuttons, such as a first button 5110 and/or a second button 5120. Firstbutton 5110 can be actuated by a first predetermined finger of a user tocause a first transmitter 5115 to send a first wireless signal 5210 toreceiver 5300, such as when first transmitter 5115 is within apredetermined proximity of receiver 5300. Second button 5120 can beactuated by a second predetermined finger of the user to cause secondtransmitter 5125 to send a second wireless signal 5220 to receiver 5300.Any additional buttons can function in a corresponding manner.

Carrier 5100, first transmitter 5110, and/or second transmitter 5120 canbe adapted to be held in a hand of the user, worn by the user (e.g., asjewelry), worn on a predetermined finger (or other body part) of theuser, and/or implanted into a predetermined finger (or other body part)of the user. For example, a transmitter or other related electroniccircuit (such as a finger pressure sensor, a transmitter actuator, anantenna, a receiver, a controller, a battery, a power converter, etc.)can be skin-mounted on a finger, hand, arm, face, hip, thigh, temple, orelsewhere on a body via a flexible or stretchable substrate as describedin US Patent Application Publication 20130041235, which, to the extentallowable by the law of the jurisdiction in which this application isfiled, is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Receiver 5300 can be worn by the user, worn on an eye of the user,and/or implanted in the user, such as inside the eye of the user.Receiver 5300 can be electrically connected to a controller 5400, whichcan be an information device as described herein, and/or which can beworn by the user, worn on an eye of the user, and/or implanted in theuser, such as inside the eye of the user. Controller 5400 can beelectrically connected to a power storage device 5500 (such as abattery), a ciliary muscle power converter 5600, and/or one or moreophthalmic devices 5700 (e.g., an electro-active lens), any of which canbe worn by the user, worn on one or both eyes of the user, and/orimplanted in the user, such as inside one or both eyes of the user.

Controller 5400 can be adapted to, upon receiving first signal 5210 viareceiver 5300, cause ophthalmic device 5700 to adjust its optical powerto provide the user with a first predetermined visual condition, such asa near field focus. Similarly, controller 5400 can be adapted to, uponreceiving second signal 5220 via receiver 5300, cause ophthalmic device5700 to adjust its optical power to provide the user with a secondpredetermined visual condition, such as a far field focus. Other visualconditions are possible, such as a predetermined optical power, focaldistance, wavelength reception (e.g., infra-red, night vision, visual,rose-tinted, ultra-violet, etc.), polarity reception, astigmaticcorrection, spherical correction, aberration correction, and/or nocorrection, etc.

Controller 5400 can be adapted to cause power transmitted via signal5210, 5220 and received by receiver 5300 to be stored via power storagedevice 5500 and/or utilized to operate on or more components of system5000, such as ophthalmic device 5700.

Controller 5400 can be adapted to cause power received from ciliarymuscle power converter 5600 to be stored via power storage device 5500and/or be utilized, such as via itself, receiver 5300, and/or ophthalmicdevice 5700.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart of an exemplary embodiment of a method 6000. Atactivity 6100, a signal to be transmitted, such as responsive to abutton being pressed or otherwise a transmitter being actuated. Atactivity 6200, the signal can be received, such as by a receiver. Atactivity 6300, the signal can interpreted, such as by the receiverand/or by a controller. At activity 6400, a ophthalmic device can beadjusted, such as responsive to the interpreted signal. At activity6500, the one or more adjustments to the ophthalmic device can provide avisual condition to a wearer of the ophthalmic device.

At activity 6600, power generated by the ciliary muscle of the wearer,potentially responsive to a change in visual condition of the wearer,can be captured. At activity 6700, power can be stored, the power being,for example, power captured from the ciliary muscle and/or powercaptured from the transmitted signal. At activity 6800, the capturedand/or stored power can be utilized, such as to power the transmitter,receiver, controller, ophthalmic device, and/or ciliary muscle powerconverter, etc.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of an informationdevice 7000, which in certain operative embodiments can be adapted toimplement any algorithm described herein, such as those attributed to aconverter, controller, transmitter, and/or receiver. Information device7000 can comprise any of numerous transform circuits, which can beformed via any of numerous communicatively-, electrically-,magnetically-, optically-, fluidically-, mechanically-, chemically,and/or biochemically-coupled physical components, such as for example,one or more network interfaces 7100, one or more processors 7200, one ormore memories 7300 containing instructions 7400, one or moreinput/output (I/O) devices 7500, and/or one or more user interfaces 7600coupled to I/O device 7500, etc.

In certain exemplary embodiments, via one or more user interfaces 7600,such as a graphical user interface, a user can view a rendering ofinformation related to researching, designing, modeling, creating,developing, building, manufacturing, operating, maintaining, storing,marketing, selling, delivering, selecting, specifying, requesting,ordering, receiving, returning, rating, and/or recommending any of theproducts, services, methods, user interfaces, and/or informationdescribed herein. For example, one or more user interfaces 7600, a usercan program, review, test, model, adjust, modify, update, enable, and/ordisable instructions 7400, such as instructions to detect a buttonactivation, transmit a signal, receive a signal, interpret a signal,adjust an ophthalmic device, interpret a state of an ophthalmic device,sense muscle movement and/or force, convert muscle movement and/or forceto power (such as electrical power), capture power (such as from muscleand/or transmitted signal), store power, and/or utilize power.

Certain exemplary embodiments can provide a system, machine, device,manufacture, circuit, composition of matter, and/or user interfaceadapted for and/or resulting from, and/or a method and/ormachine-readable medium comprising machine-implementable instructionsfor, activities that can comprise and/or relate to, a device comprising:

-   -   an implantable ciliary muscle power converter adapted to connect        to an eye structure and to convert mechanical forces generated        by the ciliary muscle into power;    -   wherein:        -   the implantable ciliary muscle power converter comprises a            magnet;        -   the implantable ciliary muscle power converter comprises a            coil;        -   the implantable ciliary muscle power converter comprises a            spring;        -   the implantable ciliary muscle power converter comprises a            hydraulic piston;        -   the implantable ciliary muscle power converter comprises a            hydraulic valve;        -   the implantable ciliary muscle power converter comprises a            plurality of nanowires;        -   the implantable ciliary muscle power converter comprises a            piezoelectric strip;        -   the implantable ciliary muscle power converter is adapted to            attach to the ciliary muscle;        -   the implantable ciliary muscle power converter is attached            to the capsular equator;        -   the implantable ciliary muscle power converter is adapted to            attach to one or more zonules;        -   the implantable ciliary muscle power converter is adapted to            be placed inside a capsule of the eye; and/or        -   a variable resistor adapted to sense movement of the ciliary            muscle.

Certain exemplary embodiments can provide a system, machine, device,manufacture, circuit, composition of matter, and/or user interfaceadapted for and/or resulting from, and/or a method and/ormachine-readable medium comprising machine-implementable instructionsfor, activities that can comprise and/or relate to, a device comprising:

-   -   an implantable ciliary muscle movement sensor;    -   wherein:        -   the implantable ciliary muscle movement sensor is adapted to            attach to the ciliary muscle;        -   the implantable ciliary muscle movement sensor is adapted to            attach to one or more zonules;        -   the implantable ciliary muscle movement sensor is adapted to            be placed inside a capsule of the eye; and/or        -   the implantable ciliary muscle movement sensor is adapted to            attach to a ciliary muscle power converter.

Certain exemplary embodiments can provide a system, machine, device,manufacture, circuit, composition of matter, and/or user interfaceadapted for and/or resulting from, and/or a method and/ormachine-readable medium comprising machine-implementable instructionsfor, activities that can comprise and/or relate to:

-   -   via a device implanted in a mammal, converting a ciliary muscle        force to predetermined form of power;    -   via a device implanted in a mammal, sensing a ciliary muscle        movement;        and/or    -   via a device implanted in a mammal, sensing a ciliary muscle        force.

Certain exemplary embodiments can provide a system, machine, device,manufacture, circuit, composition of matter, and/or user interfaceadapted for and/or resulting from, and/or a method and/ormachine-readable medium comprising machine-implementable instructionsfor, activities that can comprise and/or relate to, converting ciliarymuscle force to electrical power and/or sense ciliary muscle movement.

Certain exemplary embodiments can provide a system, machine, device,manufacture, circuit, composition of matter, and/or user interfaceadapted for and/or resulting from, and/or a method and/ormachine-readable medium comprising machine-implementable instructionsfor, activities that can comprise and/or relate to:

-   -   an electro-active lens implanted into a user's eye;    -   a control circuit adapted to control an optical power of the        electro-active lens; and/or    -   a receiver adapted to receive signals from a transmitter that is        adapted to send a predetermined signal to the receiver; the        predetermined signal adapted to cause the receiver to adjust an        optical power of the electro-active lens.

Certain exemplary embodiments can provide a system, machine, device,manufacture, circuit, composition of matter, and/or user interfaceadapted for and/or resulting from, and/or a method and/ormachine-readable medium comprising machine-implementable instructionsfor, activities that can comprise and/or relate to:

-   -   a first transmitter adapted to:        -   be operated by a first finger of a user;        -   wirelessly transmit a first signal to one or more receivers            of an ophthalmic device when the first transmitter is within            a predetermined proximity of the one or more receivers, the            ophthalmic device implanted in or worn by the user, the            first signal adapted to cause the ophthalmic device to            provide the user with a first predetermined visual            condition;    -   a second transmitter adapted to:        -   be operated by a second finger of the user;        -   wirelessly transmit a second signal to the one or more            receivers when the second transmitter is within a            predetermined proximity of the one or more receivers, the            second signal adapted to cause the ophthalmic device to            provide the user with a second predetermined visual            condition;    -   the receiver; and/or    -   the ophthalmic device;    -   wherein:        -   the receiver is implanted in the user;        -   the receiver is implanted inside an eye of the user;        -   the receiver is worn on an eye of the user;        -   the ophthalmic device is implanted inside an eye of the            user;        -   the ophthalmic device is worn on an eye of the user;        -   the ophthalmic device comprises an electro-active lens;        -   the first transmitter is adapted to be implanted in the            first finger;        -   the first transmitter is adapted to be worn on the first            finger;        -   the first finger is predetermined and/or the second finger            is predetermined;        -   the first transmitter is adapted to be held in a hand of the            user;        -   the first transmitter and/or the second transmitter is            integrated into a jewelry item;        -   the first transmitter comprises a button adapted to provoke            transmission of the first signal;        -   the first transmitter is adapted to transfer electrical            energy to an energy storage device of the ophthalmic device;        -   the first transmitter is adapted to transfer sufficient            electrical energy to operate the ophthalmic device;        -   the first transmitter comprises one or more inductance            coils; the first signal identifies the first transmitter;        -   the first transmitter is adapted to control one or more            liquid crystals of the ophthalmic device;        -   the first transmitter is adapted to change an optical state            of one or more liquid crystals of the ophthalmic device;        -   the first visual condition is associated with two eyes of            the user;        -   the first visual condition is associated with only one eye            of the user;        -   the first visual condition is a focal distance;        -   the first visual condition is a far focal distance;        -   the first visual condition is a near focal distance;        -   the first visual condition is a changing focal distance;        -   the first visual condition is an optical power; and/or        -   the first visual condition is a lack of visual correction.

Certain exemplary embodiments can provide a system, machine, device,manufacture, circuit, composition of matter, and/or user interfaceadapted for and/or resulting from, and/or a method and/ormachine-readable medium comprising machine-implementable instructionsfor, activities that can comprise and/or relate to:

-   -   from a first transmitter adapted to be operated by a        predetermined first finger of a user:        -   wirelessly transmitting a first signal to one or more            receivers of an ophthalmic device when the first transmitter            is within a predetermined proximity of the one or more            receivers, the ophthalmic device implanted in or worn by the            user, the first signal adapted to cause the ophthalmic            device to provide the user with a first predetermined visual            condition; and/or    -   from a second transmitter adapted to be operated by a        predetermined second finger of the user:        -   wirelessly transmit a second signal to the one or more            receivers when the second transmitter is within a            predetermined proximity of the one or more receivers, the            second signal adapted to cause the ophthalmic device to            provide the user with a second predetermined visual            condition.

Definitions

When the following terms are used substantively herein, the accompanyingdefinitions apply. These terms and definitions are presented withoutprejudice, and, consistent with the application, the right to redefinethese terms via amendment during the prosecution of this application orany application claiming priority hereto is reserved. For the purpose ofinterpreting a claim of any patent that claims priority hereto, eachdefinition in that patent functions as a clear and unambiguous disavowalof the subject matter outside of that definition.

-   -   a—at least one.    -   aberration—one or more limitations and/or defects in an optical        component, such as a lens and/or mirror, that is contacted by a        plurality of light rays, such limitations and/or defects        preventing the light rays from converging at one focus and        potentially due to, e.g., the optical component comprising one        or more surfaces that are not perfectly planar, such as one or        more spherical surfaces.    -   acquire—to obtain, get, import, receive, and/or gain possession        of.    -   across—from one side to another.    -   activity—an action, act, step, and/or process or portion        thereof.    -   adapted to—suitable, fit, and/or capable of performing a        specified function.    -   adapter—a device used to effect operative compatibility between        different parts of one or more pieces of an apparatus or system.    -   adjust—to change so as to match, fit, adapt, conform, and/or be        in a more effective state.    -   align—to adjust substantially into a proper orientation and/or        location with respect to another thing.    -   and/or—either in conjunction with or in alternative to.    -   apparatus—an appliance or device for a particular purpose    -   associate—to join, connect together, and/or relate.    -   attach—to fasten, secure, couple, and/or join.    -   auto-focus—a system in a camera that automatically adjusts the        lens so that the object being photographed is in focus, often        using a time delay associated with reflecting infrared light off        of the object to estimate the distance of the object from the        camera.    -   automatic—performed via an information device in a manner        essentially independent of influence and/or control by a user.        For example, an automatic light switch can turn on upon “seeing”        a person in its “view”, without the person manually operating        the light switch.    -   be—to exist in actuality.    -   beam of light—a projection of light radiating from a source.    -   Boolean logic—a complete system for logical operations.    -   border—to be located and/or positioned adjacent to an outer        edge, surface, and/or extent of an object.    -   bound—(n) a boundary, limit, and/or further extent of; (v) to        limit an extent.    -   bus—an electrical conductor that makes a common connection        between a plurality of circuits.    -   button—a protuberant part, a small finger-actuated surface        comprised by a mechanism that completes an electric circuit when        pushed, such as one that operates a doorbell and/or machine        and/or, in graphical user interface systems, a well-defined area        within the interface that is clicked to select a command.    -   by—via and/or with the use and/or help of.    -   camera—a device often comprising a lightproof enclosure having        an aperture with a lens through which a still and/or moving        image of an object is focused and recorded on a photosensitive        film, plate, tape, and/or or sensor coupled to an electronic        and/or optical memory device (e.g., RAM, EEPROM, flash memory,        magnetic disk, optical disk, etc.).    -   can—is capable of, in at least some embodiments.    -   capsule—a cover or envelope partly or wholly surrounding a        structure.    -   capture—to sense, receive, obtain, enter, store, and/or record        information and/or data in memory.    -   cause—to bring about, provoke, precipitate, produce, elicit, be        the reason for, result in, and/or effect.    -   change—(v.) to cause to be different; (n.) the act, process,        and/or result of altering or modifying.    -   ciliary—relating to the ciliary body and associated structures        of the eye.    -   circuit—a physical system comprising, depending on context: an        electrically conductive pathway, an information transmission        mechanism, and/or a communications connection, the pathway,        mechanism, and/or connection established via a switching device        (such as a switch, relay, transistor, and/or logic gate, etc.);        and/or an electrically conductive pathway, an information        transmission mechanism, and/or a communications connection, the        pathway, mechanism, and/or connection established across two or        more switching devices comprised by a network and between        corresponding end systems connected to, but not comprised by the        network.    -   co-operate—to work, act, and/or function together and/or in        harmony, as opposed to separately and/or in competition.    -   coil—(n) a continuous loop comprising two or more turns of        electrically conductive material; and/or a conductor that        creates a magnetic field due to the flow of current therein; (v)        to roll and/or form into a configuration having a substantially        spiraled cross-section.    -   comprises—includes, but is not limited to, what follows.    -   comprising—including but not limited to.    -   concentric—having a common central axis.    -   condition—and existing circumstance and/or state at a particular        time.    -   conductor—an electrically conductive material and/or component        adapted to apply a voltage to an electro-active material.    -   configure—to make suitable or fit for a specific use or        situation.    -   connect—to join or fasten together.    -   connect—to join or fasten together.    -   contact—to physically touch and/or come together.    -   containing—including but not limited to.    -   contiguous—neighboring and/or adjacent.    -   contrast—the difference in brightness between the light and dark        areas of an image, such as a photograph and/or video image.    -   control—(n) a mechanical and/or electronic device used to        operate a machine within predetermined limits; (v) to exercise        authoritative and/or dominating influence over, cause to act in        a predetermined manner, direct, adjust to a requirement, and/or        regulate.    -   controller—a device and/or set of machine-readable instructions        for performing one or more predetermined and/or user-defined        tasks. A controller can comprise any one or a combination of        hardware, firmware, and/or software. A controller can utilize        mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic, electrical, magnetic, optical,        informational, chemical, and/or biological principles, signals,        and/or inputs to perform the task(s). In certain embodiments, a        controller can act upon information by manipulating, analyzing,        modifying, converting, transmitting the information for use by        an executable procedure and/or an information device, and/or        routing the information to an output device. A controller can be        a central processing unit, a local controller, a remote        controller, parallel controllers, and/or distributed        controllers, etc. The controller can be a general-purpose        microcontroller, such the Pentium IV series of microprocessor        manufactured by the Intel Corporation of Santa Clara, Calif.,        and/or the HC08 series from Motorola of Schaumburg, Ill. In        another embodiment, the controller can be an Application        Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) or a Field Programmable Gate        Array (FPGA) that has been designed to implement in its hardware        and/or firmware at least a part of an embodiment disclosed        herein.    -   convert—to transform, adapt, and/or change.    -   converter—a device that transforms, adapts, and/or changes.    -   correction—a change to a more desired value.    -   corresponding—related, associated, accompanying, similar in        purpose and/or position, conforming in every respect, and/or        equivalent and/or agreeing in amount, quantity, magnitude,        quality, and/or degree.    -   couple—to join, connect, and/or link by any known approach,        including mechanical, fluidic, acoustic, electrical, magnetic,        and/or optical, etc. approaches.    -   coupleable—capable of being joined, connected, and/or linked        together.    -   coupling—linking in some fashion.    -   create—to bring into being.    -   data—distinct pieces of information, usually formatted in a        special or predetermined way and/or organized to express        concepts, and/or represented in a form suitable for processing        by an information device.    -   data structure—an organization of a collection of data that        allows the data to be manipulated effectively and/or a logical        relationship among data elements that is designed to support        specific data manipulation functions. A data structure can        comprise meta data to describe the properties of the data        structure. Examples of data structures can include: array,        dictionary, graph, hash, heap, linked list, matrix, object,        queue, ring, stack, tree, and/or vector.    -   define—to establish the outline, form, and/or structure of.    -   deposit—to put, lay, place, position, and/or set down; and/or to        fasten, fix, and/or secure.    -   determine—to find out, obtain, calculate, decide, deduce,        ascertain, and/or come to a decision, typically by        investigation, reasoning, and/or calculation.    -   device—a machine, manufacture, and/or collection thereof.    -   diffraction—the bending of a light ray in passing an edge formed        by contiguous opaque and transparent edges.    -   digital—non-analog and/or discrete.    -   distance—a measure of physical separation.    -   diverge—to go or extend in different directions from a common        point.    -   edge—a periphery, border, and/or boundary.    -   electric—powered by electricity.    -   electrical—relating to producing, distributing, and/or operating        by electricity.    -   electrical energy—energy characterized by, and/or adapted to        cause, a flow of electric charge through a conductor.    -   electrically—of, relating to, producing, or operated by        electricity.    -   electrically coupled—connected in a manner adapted to allow a        flow of electricity therebetween.    -   electro-active—a branch of technology concerning the interaction        between various properties and electrical and/or electronic        states of materials and/or involving components, devices,        systems, and/or processes that operate by modifying the certain        properties of a material by applying to it an electrical and/or        magnetic field. Sub-branches of this technology include, but are        not limited to, electro-optics.    -   electro-active element—a component that utilizes an        electro-active effect, such as an electro-active filter,        reflector, lens, shutter, liquid crystal retarder, active (i.e.,        non-passive) polarity filter, electro-active element that is        movable via an electro-active actuator, and/or conventional lens        movable by an electro-active actuator.    -   electro-optic—a branch of technology concerning the interaction        between the electromagnetic (optical) and the electrical        (electronic) states of materials and/or involving components,        devices, systems, and/or processes that operate by modifying the        optical properties of a material by applying to it an electrical        field.    -   electrode—an electrically conducting element that emits and/or        collects electrons and/or ions and/or controls their movement by        means of an electric field applied to it.    -   emanate—to emit, radiate, and/or shine.    -   energy—usable heat or power, and/or the capacity of a body        and/or system to do work, and/or a measurable physical quantity,        with dimensions equivalent and/or convertible to mass times        velocity squared, that is conserved for an isolated system.    -   equator—a circle dividing a sphere or other surface into        congruent and/or two equal symmetrical parts.    -   estimate—(n) a calculated value approximating an actual        value; (v) to calculate and/or determine approximately and/or        tentatively.    -   etch—to wear away the surface of material (such as a metal,        glass, etc.) by chemical action, such as the action of an acid.    -   eye—an organ of vision and/or light sensitivity; and/or either        of a pair of hollow structures located in bony sockets of the        skull, functioning together or independently, each having a lens        capable of focusing incident light on an internal photosensitive        retina from which nerve impulses are sent to the brain.    -   far—a CTO distance of at least approximately 3 or more meters.    -   field—a region of space characterized by a physical property,        such as gravitational or electromagnetic force or fluid        pressure, having a determinable value at every point in the        region.    -   field of view—a range of space over which a camera can obtain an        image and/or the angle between two rays passing through the        perspective center (rear nodal point) of a camera lens to the        two opposite sides of the format.    -   finger—any of the digits of the hand, sometimes excluding the        thumb.    -   first—an initial entity in an ordering.    -   flat—having a substantially planar major face and/or having a        relatively broad surface in relation to thickness or depth.    -   focus—to cause energy and/or light to concentrate and/or        converge.    -   force—a capacity to do work or cause physical change; and/or an        energy exerted upon, brought to bear, and/or the cause of motion        and/or change in motion and/or a state of rest.    -   form—to produce, make, create, generate, construct, and/or        shape.    -   Fresnel lens—a thin optical lens comprising concentric rings of        segmental lenses.    -   from—used to indicate a source.    -   further—in addition.    -   generate—to create, produce, give rise to, and/or bring into        existence.    -   gradient—a rate of change with respect to distance of a variable        quantity.    -   grid—a network of lines, real or conceptual, that cross each        other to form a series of regular shapes.    -   hand—the terminal part of the human arm located below the        forearm, used for grasping and holding and typically comprising        a wrist, palm, four fingers, and an opposable thumb.    -   haptic—involving the human sense of kinesthetic movement and/or        the human sense of touch. Among the many potential haptic        experiences are numerous sensations, body-positional differences        in sensations, and time-based changes in sensations that are        perceived at least partially in non-visual, non-audible, and        non-olfactory manners, including the experiences of tactile        touch (being touched), active touch, grasping, pressure,        friction, traction, slip, stretch, force, torque, impact,        puncture, vibration, motion, acceleration, jerk, pulse,        orientation, limb position, gravity, texture, gap, recess,        viscosity, pain, itch, moisture, temperature, thermal        conductivity, and thermal capacity.    -   having—including but not limited to.    -   hold—to grip, and/or to have and/or keep within one's grasp.    -   human-machine interface—hardware and/or software adapted to        render information to a user and/or receive information from the        user; and/or a user interface.    -   hydraulic—of, involving, moved by, and/or operated by a fluid        under pressure.    -   identify—to specify, recognize, detect, and/or establish the        identity, origin, nature, and/or definitive characteristics of.    -   illuminate—to provide and/or brighten with light.    -   image—an at least two-dimensional representation of an object,        entity, and/or phenomenon. Multiple images can be presented in a        predetermined and timed sequence to recreate and/or produce an        appearance of movement.    -   impinge—to collide and/or strike.    -   implant—to insert or embed (an object or a device) surgically.    -   including—including but not limited to.    -   index of refraction—a measure of the extent to which a substance        slows down light waves passing through it. The index of        refraction of a substance is equal to the ratio of the velocity        of light in a vacuum to its speed in that substance. Its value        determines the extent to which light is refracted when entering        or leaving the substance.    -   indium tin oxide—a solid solution of indium(III) oxide (In2O3)        and tin(IV) oxide (SnO2), typically 90% In2O3, 10% SnO2 by        weight, that is typically transparent and colorless in thin        layers and can serve as a metal-like mirror in the infrared        region of the electro-magnetic spectrum. It is a widely used        transparent conducting oxide due to its electrical conductivity        and optical transparency. Thin films of indium tin oxide are        most commonly deposited on surfaces by electron beam        evaporation, physical vapor deposition, and/or a range of        sputter deposition techniques.    -   individually—of or relating to a distinct entity.    -   inductance—that property of an electrical circuit, and/or of two        or more neighboring circuits, by which a varying current        produces and/or induces an electromotive force in the circuit        and/or neighboring circuits.    -   information device—any device capable of processing data and/or        information, such as any general purpose and/or special purpose        computer, such as a personal computer, workstation, server,        minicomputer, mainframe, supercomputer, computer terminal,        laptop, wearable computer, and/or Personal Digital Assistant        (PDA), mobile terminal, Bluetooth device, communicator, “smart”        phone (such as an iPhone-like and/or Treo-like device),        messaging service (e.g., Blackberry) receiver, pager, facsimile,        cellular telephone, a traditional telephone, telephonic device,        a programmed microprocessor or microcontroller and/or peripheral        integrated circuit elements, an ASIC or other integrated        circuit, a hardware electronic logic circuit such as a discrete        element circuit, and/or a programmable logic device such as a        PLD, PLA, FPGA, or PAL, or the like, etc. In general any device        on which resides a finite state machine capable of implementing        at least a portion of a method, structure, and/or or graphical        user interface described herein may be used as an information        device. An information device can comprise components such as        one or more network interfaces, one or more processors, one or        more memories containing instructions, and/or one or more        input/output (I/O) devices, one or more user interfaces coupled        to an I/O device, etc.    -   information device—any device capable of processing data and/or        information, such as any general purpose and/or special purpose        computer, such as a personal computer, workstation, server,        minicomputer, mainframe, supercomputer, computer terminal,        laptop, wearable computer, and/or Personal Digital Assistant        (PDA), mobile terminal, Bluetooth device, communicator, “smart”        phone (such as an iPhone-like and/or Treo-like device),        messaging service (e.g., Blackberry) receiver, pager, facsimile,        cellular telephone, a traditional telephone, telephonic device,        a programmed microprocessor or microcontroller and/or peripheral        integrated circuit elements, an ASIC or other integrated        circuit, a hardware electronic logic circuit such as a discrete        element circuit, and/or a programmable logic device such as a        PLD, PLA, FPGA, or PAL, or the like, etc. In general any device        on which resides a finite state machine capable of implementing        at least a portion of a method, structure, and/or or graphical        user interface described herein may be used as an information        device. An information device can comprise components such as        one or more network interfaces, one or more processors, one or        more memories containing instructions, and/or one or more        input/output (I/O) devices, one or more user interfaces coupled        to an I/O device, etc.    -   initialize—to prepare something for use and/or some future        event.    -   input/output (I/O) device—any device adapted to provide input        to, and/or receive output from, an information device. Examples        can include an audio, visual, haptic, olfactory, and/or        taste-oriented device, including, for example, a monitor,        display, projector, overhead display, keyboard, keypad, mouse,        trackball, joystick, gamepad, wheel, touchpad, touch panel,        pointing device, microphone, speaker, video camera, camera,        scanner, printer, switch, relay, haptic device, vibrator,        tactile simulator, and/or tactile pad, potentially including a        port to which an I/O device can be attached or connected.    -   inside—within a predetermined boundary.    -   install—to connect or set in position and prepare for use.    -   instructions—directions, which can be implemented as hardware,        firmware, and/or software, the directions adapted to perform a        particular operation and/or function via creation and/or        maintenance of a predetermined physical circuit.    -   insulating—having a substantial resistance to the flow of        electrical current.    -   integrated—formed and/or united into a whole and/or into another        entity.    -   into—to a condition, state, or form of.    -   IOL haptic—a structure that is part of an IOL and adapted to        provide support for the IOL within the eye, generally to also        provide centration of the optics of the IOL to the optical axis        of the eye.    -   item—a single article of a plurality of articles and/or anything        that can be at least partially, protected, housed, transported,        concealed, supported, carried, and/or enclosed, etc., by a        container.    -   jewelry—one or more objects of personal adornment, such as        necklaces, pendants, chokers, collars, beads, brooches, amulets,        medals, lapel pins, tie tacks, earrings, piercings, hair clips,        head bands, rings, bracelets, bangles, watches, cuff links,        bling, belts, and/or buckles, etc., and possibly including items        such as iPods, smart phones, smart watches, headphones, pens,        pencils, whistles, medical alert bracelets, dog tags, etc.    -   lack—a particular deficiency and/or absence.    -   layer—a continuous and relatively thin material, region,        stratum, course, lamina, coating, and/or sheet having one or        more functions. Need not have a constant thickness.    -   lens—a piece of transparent substance, often glass and/or        plastic, having two opposite surfaces either both curved or one        curved and one plane, used in an optical device for changing the        convergence and/or focal point of light rays; and/or an optical        device that transmits light and is adapted to cause the light to        refract, concentrate, and/or diverge. A lens can be an        ophthalmic lens, such as a spectacle lens, an intra ocular lens,        and/or a contact lens.    -   light—electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength within a        range of approximately 300 nanometers to approximately 1000        nanometers, including any and all values and subranges        therebetween, such as from approximately 400 to approximately        700 nm, from the near infrared through the long wavelength, far        infrared, and/or from the ultraviolet to X-rays and/or gamma        rays.    -   light source—a device adapted to emit light responsive to an        applied electrical current.    -   liquid—a body of matter that exhibits a characteristic readiness        to flow, little or no tendency to disperse, and relatively high        incompressibility, including pumpable and/or flowable slurries        and/or suspensions.    -   liquid crystal—any of various liquids in which the atoms or        molecules are regularly arrayed in either one dimension or two        dimensions, the order giving rise to optical properties, such as        anisotropic scattering, associated with the crystals.    -   locate—to place, set, find, and/or situate in a particular spot,        region, and/or position.    -   logic gate—a physical device adapted to perform a logical        operation on one or more logic inputs and to produce a single        logic output, which is manifested physically. Because the output        is also a logic-level value, an output of one logic gate can        connect to the input of one or more other logic gates, and via        such combinations, complex operations can be performed. The        logic normally performed is Boolean logic and is most commonly        found in digital circuits. The most common implementations of        logic gates are based on electronics using resistors,        transistors, and/or diodes, and such implementations often        appear in large arrays in the form of integrated circuits        (a.k.a., IC's, microcircuits, microchips, silicon chips, and/or        chips). It is possible, however, to create logic gates that        operate based on vacuum tubes, electromagnetics (e.g., relays),        mechanics (e.g., gears), fluidics, optics, chemical reactions,        and/or DNA, including on a molecular scale. Each        electronically-implemented logic gate typically has two inputs        and one output, each having a logic level or state typically        physically represented by a voltage. At any given moment, every        terminal is in one of the two binary logic states (“false”        (a.k.a., “low” or “0”) or “true” (a.k.a., “high” or “1”),        represented by different voltage levels, yet the logic state of        a terminal can, and generally does, change often, as the circuit        processes data. Thus, each electronic logic gate typically        requires power so that it can source and/or sink currents to        achieve the correct output voltage. Typically,        machine-implementable instructions are ultimately encoded into        binary values of “0”s and/or “1”s and, are typically written        into and/or onto a memory device, such as a “register”, which        records the binary value as a change in a physical property of        the memory device, such as a change in voltage, current, charge,        phase, pressure, weight, height, tension, level, gap, position,        velocity, momentum, force, temperature, polarity, magnetic        field, magnetic force, magnetic orientation, reflectivity,        molecular linkage, molecular weight, etc. An exemplary register        might store a value of “01101100”, which encodes a total of 8        “bits” (one byte), where each value of either “0” or “1” is        called a “bit” (and 8 bits are collectively called a “byte”).        Note that because a binary bit can only have one of two        different values (either “0” or “1”), any physical medium        capable of switching between two saturated states can be used to        represent a bit. Therefore, any physical system capable of        representing binary bits is able to represent numerical        quantities, and potentially can manipulate those numbers via        particular encoded machine-implementable instructions. This is        one of the basic concepts underlying digital computing. At the        register and/or gate level, a computer does not treat these “0”s        and “1”s as numbers per se, but typically as voltage levels (in        the case of an electronically-implemented computer), for        example, a high voltage of approximately +3 volts might        represent a “1” or “logical true” and a low voltage of        approximately 0 volts might represent a “0” or “logical false”        (or vice versa, depending on how the circuitry is designed).        These high and low voltages (or other physical properties,        depending on the nature of the implementation) are typically fed        into a series of logic gates, which in turn, through the correct        logic design, produce the physical and logical results specified        by the particular encoded machine-implementable instructions.        For example, if the encoding request a calculation, the logic        gates might add the first two bits of the encoding together,        produce a result “1” (“0”+“1”=“1”), and then write this result        into another register for subsequent retrieval and reading. Or,        if the encoding is a request for some kind of service, the logic        gates might in turn access or write into some other registers        which would in turn trigger other logic gates to initiate the        requested service.    -   logical—a conceptual representation.    -   machine-implementable instructions—directions adapted to cause a        machine, such as an information device, to perform one or more        particular activities, operations, and/or functions via forming        a particular physical circuit. The directions, which can        sometimes form an entity called a “processor”, “kernel”,        “operating system”, “program”, “application”, “utility”,        “subroutine”, “script”, “macro”, “file”, “project”, “module”,        “library”, “class”, and/or “object”, etc., can be embodied        and/or encoded as machine code, source code, object code,        compiled code, assembled code, interpretable code, and/or        executable code, etc., in hardware, firmware, and/or software.    -   machine-readable medium—a physical structure from which a        machine, such as an information device, computer,        microprocessor, and/or controller, etc., can store and/or obtain        one or more machine-implementable instructions, data, and/or        information. Examples include a memory device, punch card,        player-piano scroll, etc.    -   magnet—an object that is surrounded by a magnetic field and that        has the property, either natural or induced, of attracting iron        and/or steel.    -   mammal—any of various warm-blooded vertebrate animals of the        class Mammalia, including humans, characterized by a covering of        hair on the skin and, in the female, milk-producing mammary        glands for nourishing the young.    -   match—to mirror, resemble, harmonize, fit, correspond, and/or        determine a correspondence between, two or more values,        entities, and/or groups of entities.    -   material—a substance and/or composition.    -   may—is allowed and/or permitted to, in at least some        embodiments.    -   memory device—an apparatus capable of storing, sometimes        permanently, machine-implementable instructions, data, and/or        information, in analog and/or digital format. Examples include        at least one non-volatile memory, volatile memory, register,        relay, switch, Random Access Memory, RAM, Read Only Memory, ROM,        flash memory, magnetic media, hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic        tape, optical media, optical disk, compact disk, CD, digital        versatile disk, DVD, and/or raid array, etc. The memory device        can be coupled to a processor and/or can store and provide        instructions adapted to be executed by processor, such as        according to an embodiment disclosed herein.    -   memory device—an apparatus capable of storing, sometimes        permanently, machine-implementable instructions, data, and/or        information, in analog and/or digital format. Examples include        at least one non-volatile memory, volatile memory, register,        relay, switch, Random Access Memory, RAM, Read Only Memory, ROM,        flash memory, magnetic media, hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic        tape, optical media, optical disk, compact disk, CD, digital        versatile disk, DVD, and/or raid array, etc. The memory device        can be coupled to a processor and/or can store and provide        instructions adapted to be executed by processor, such as        according to an embodiment disclosed herein.    -   method—one or more acts that are performed upon subject matter        to be transformed to a different state or thing and/or are tied        to a particular apparatus, said one or more acts not a        fundamental principal and not preempting all uses of a        fundamental principal.    -   middle—a CTO distance within a range of approximately 0.7 to        approximately 1.3 meters.    -   more—a quantifier meaning greater in size, amount, extent,        and/or degree.    -   movement—an act or instance of moving; and/or a change in        position from one location to another.    -   muscle—a contractile organ consisting of a special bundle of        muscle tissue, which moves a particular bone, part, or substance        of the body.    -   nanowire—a structure having a thickness or diameter constrained        to tens of nanometers or less and an aspect ratio        (length-to-width ratio) of 1000 or more.    -   near—a CTO distance of less than approximately 0.2 meters.    -   network—a communicatively coupled plurality of nodes,        communication devices, and/or information devices. Via a        network, such nodes and/or devices can be linked, such as via        various wireline and/or wireless media, such as cables,        telephone lines, power lines, optical fibers, radio waves,        and/or light beams, etc., to share resources (such as printers        and/or memory devices), exchange files, and/or allow electronic        communications therebetween. A network can be and/or can utilize        any of a wide variety of sub-networks and/or protocols, such as        a circuit switched, public-switched, packet switched,        connection-less, wireless, virtual, radio, data, telephone,        twisted pair, POTS, non-POTS, DSL, cellular, telecommunications,        video distribution, cable, radio, terrestrial, microwave,        broadcast, satellite, broadband, corporate, global, national,        regional, wide area, backbone, packet-switched TCP/IP, IEEE        802.03, Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Token Ring, local area, wide        area, IP, public Internet, intranet, private, ATM, Ultra Wide        Band (UWB), Wi-Fi, BlueTooth, Airport, IEEE 802.11, IEEE        802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g, X-10, electrical power, 3G,        4G, multi-domain, and/or multi-zone sub-network and/or protocol,        one or more Internet service providers, one or more network        interfaces, and/or one or more information devices, such as a        switch, router, and/or gateway not directly connected to a local        area network, etc., and/or any equivalents thereof.    -   network interface—any physical and/or logical device, system,        and/or process capable of coupling an information device to a        network. Exemplary network interfaces comprise a telephone,        cellular phone, cellular modem, telephone data modem, fax modem,        wireless transceiver, communications port, Ethernet card, cable        modem, digital subscriber line interface, bridge, hub, router,        or other similar device, software to manage such a device,        and/or software to provide a function of such a device.    -   non-overlapping—not extending over or covering a part of.    -   object—a discrete thing that is real, perceptible, and tangible.    -   offset—in a location near to but distinguishable from a given        point or area.    -   one—being or amounting to a single unit, individual, and/or        entire thing, item, and/or object.    -   only—substantially without anything further.    -   ophthalmic—of and/or relating to the eye.    -   operate—to perform a function and/or to work.    -   opposing—opposite; against; being the other of two complementary        or mutually exclusive things; placed or located opposite, in        contrast, in counterbalance, and/or across from something else        and/or from each other.    -   optical—of or relating to light, sight, and/or a visual        representation.    -   overlap—to extend over and cover a part of.    -   packet—a generic term for a bundle of data organized in a        specific way for transmission, such as within and/or across a        network, such as a digital packet-switching network, and        comprising the data to be transmitted and certain control        information, such as a destination address.    -   perceptible—capable of being perceived by the human senses.    -   perpendicular—intersecting at or forming substantially right        angles; and/or substantially at a right angle with respect to an        axis.    -   phase—a relationship in time between successive states and/or        cycles of an oscillating and/or repeating system (such as an        alternating electric current, one or more light waves, and/or a        sound wave) and: a fixed reference point; the states of another        system; and/or the cycles of another system.    -   photograph—(n) an image created by collecting and focusing        reflected electromagnetic radiation. The most common photographs        are those created of reflected visible wavelengths, producing        permanent records of what the human eye can see. (v) to record        an image.    -   photolithography—a process whereby metallic foils, fluidic        circuits, and/or printed circuits can be created by exposing a        photosensitive substrate to a pattern, such as a predesigned        structural pattern and/or a circuit pattern, and chemically        etching away either the exposed or unexposed portion of the        substrate.    -   photon—a particle representing a quantum of light and/or other        electromagnetic radiation, the particle having zero rest mass        and carrying energy proportional to the frequency of the        radiation.    -   physical—tangible, real, and/or actual.    -   physical—tangible, real, and/or actual.    -   physically—existing, happening, occurring, acting, and/or        operating in a manner that is tangible, real, and/or actual.    -   physically—existing, happening, occurring, acting, and/or        operating in a manner that is tangible, real, and/or actual.    -   piezoelectric—the generation of electricity and/or of electric        polarity in dielectric crystals subjected to mechanical stress,        and/or the generation of stress in such crystals subjected to an        applied voltage.    -   piston—a working member which has relative sliding sealing        engagement with the encompassing wall of a cylinder type working        chamber. The principal parts of a piston consist of an end face        portion and a side wall portion which are defined as follows:    -   place—to put in a particular place and/or position.    -   plurality—the state of being plural and/or more than one.    -   point—(n.) a defined physical and/or logical location in at        least a two-dimensional system and/or an element in a        geometrically described set and/or a measurement or        representation of a measurement having a time coordinate and a        non-time coordinate. (v.) to indicate a position and/or        direction of.    -   portion—a part, component, section, percentage, ratio, and/or        quantity that is less than a larger whole. Can be visually,        physically, and/or virtually distinguishable and/or        non-distinguishable.    -   position—to put in place or position.    -   power—a measure of an ability of a vision system, eye, lens,        and/or lens-assisted eye, to refract, magnify, separate,        converge, and/or diverge; and/or a general term that may refer        to any power such as effective, equivalent, dioptric, focal,        refractive, surface, and/or vergence power; and/or energy, a        measure of energy and/or work, and/or a rate at which work is        done, expressed as the amount of work per unit time and commonly        measured in units such as watt and horsepower.    -   pre-—a prefix that precedes an activity that has occurred        beforehand and/or in advance.    -   predetermined—established in advance.    -   probability—a quantitative representation of a likelihood of an        occurrence.    -   processor—a machine that utilizes hardware, firmware, and/or        software and is physically adaptable to perform, via Boolean        logic operating on a plurality of logic gates that form        particular physical circuits, a specific task defined by a set        of machine-implementable instructions. A processor can utilize        mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic, electrical, magnetic, optical,        informational, chemical, and/or biological principles,        mechanisms, adaptations, signals, inputs, and/or outputs to        perform the task(s). In certain embodiments, a processor can act        upon information by manipulating, analyzing, modifying, and/or        converting it, transmitting the information for use by        machine-implementable instructions and/or an information device,        and/or routing the information to an output device. A processor        can function as a central processing unit, local controller,        remote controller, parallel controller, and/or distributed        controller, etc. Unless stated otherwise, the processor can be a        general-purpose device, such as a microcontroller and/or a        microprocessor, such the Pentium family of microprocessor        manufactured by the Intel Corporation of Santa Clara, Calif. In        certain embodiments, the processor can be dedicated purpose        device, such as an Application Specific Integrated Circuit        (ASIC) or a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) that has been        designed to implement in its hardware and/or firmware at least a        part of an embodiment disclosed herein. A processor can reside        on and use the capabilities of a controller.    -   programmatically—of, relating to, or having a program and/or        instructions.    -   project—to calculate, estimate, or predict.    -   provide—to furnish, supply, give, and/or make available.    -   provoke—to bring about, cause, elicit, and/or effect.    -   proximity—the state, quality, sense, and/or fact of being near        and/or next; the closeness of one thing to another.    -   radial—pertaining to that which radiates from and/or converges        to a common center and/or has or is characterized by parts so        arranged or so radiating.    -   receive—to get as a signal, take, acquire, and/or obtain.    -   receiver—an apparatus adapted to accept, receive, and/or        capture: data provided by a communications system and/or a        signal transmitted by a transmitter.    -   recommend—to suggest, praise, commend, and/or endorse.    -   record—(v) to gather, capture, store, and/or preserve        information on a tangible medium.    -   reduce—to make and/or become lesser and/or smaller.    -   render—to, e.g., physically, chemically, biologically,        electronically, electrically, magnetically, optically,        acoustically, fluidically, and/or mechanically, etc., transform        information into a form perceptible to a human as, for example,        data, commands, text, graphics, audio, video, animation, and/or        hyperlinks, etc., such as via a visual, audio, and/or haptic,        etc., means and/or depiction, such as via a display, monitor,        electric paper, ocular implant, cochlear implant, speaker,        vibrator, shaker, force-feedback device, stylus, joystick,        steering wheel, glove, blower, heater, cooler, pin array,        tactile touchscreen, etc.    -   repeatedly—again and again; repetitively.    -   request—to express a desire for and/or ask for.    -   resistor—a two-terminal electronic component that opposes an        electric current by producing a voltage drop between the two        terminals in accordance with Ohm's law.    -   resolution—a degree of sharpness of an image.    -   ring—a substantially toroidal object that can be imagined as        having been generated by rotating a closed loop (e.g., ellipse,        circle, irregular curve, polygon, etc.) about a fixed line        external to the loop.    -   scene—a place where action occurs and/or where an object of        interest is present; something seen by a viewer; and/or a view        and/or prospect.    -   second—an element following a first element in a set.    -   select—to make a choice or selection from alternatives.    -   send—to convey, dispatch, communicate, and/or transmit.    -   sense—to detect or perceive automatically.    -   sensor—a device adapted to automatically sense, perceive,        detect, and/or measure a physical property (e.g., pressure,        temperature, flow, mass, heat, light, sound, humidity,        proximity, position, velocity, vibration, loudness, voltage,        current, capacitance, resistance, inductance, magnetic flux,        and/or electro-magnetic radiation, etc.) and convert that        physical quantity into a signal. Examples include position        sensors, proximity switches, stain gages, photo sensors,        thermocouples, level indicating devices, speed sensors,        accelerometers, electrical voltage indicators, electrical        current indicators, on/off indicators, and/or flowmeters, etc.    -   sensor—a device adapted to automatically sense, perceive,        detect, and/or measure a physical property (e.g., pressure,        temperature, flow, mass, heat, light, sound, humidity,        proximity, position, velocity, vibration, loudness, voltage,        current, capacitance, resistance, inductance, magnetic flux,        and/or electro-magnetic radiation, etc.) and convert that        physical quantity into a signal. Examples include position        sensors, proximity switches, stain gages, photo sensors,        thermocouples, level indicating devices, speed sensors,        accelerometers, electrical voltage indicators, electrical        current indicators, on/off indicators, and/or flowmeters, etc.    -   separated—not touching and/or spaced apart by something.    -   server—an information device and/or a process running thereon,        that is adapted to be communicatively coupled to a network and        that is adapted to provide at least one service for at least one        client, i.e., for at least one other information device        communicatively coupled to the network and/or for at least one        process running on another information device communicatively        coupled to the network. One example is a file server, which has        a local drive and services requests from remote clients to read,        write, and/or manage files on that drive. Another example is an        e-mail server, which provides at least one program that accepts,        temporarily stores, relays, and/or delivers e-mail messages.        Still another example is a database server, which processes        database queries. Yet another example is a device server, which        provides networked and/or programmable: access to, and/or        monitoring, management, and/or control of, shared physical        resources and/or devices, such as information devices, printers,        modems, scanners, projectors, displays, lights, cameras,        security equipment, proximity readers, card readers, kiosks,        POS/retail equipment, phone systems, residential equipment, HVAC        equipment, medical equipment, laboratory equipment, industrial        equipment, machine tools, pumps, fans, motor drives, scales,        programmable logic controllers, sensors, data collectors,        actuators, alarms, annunciators, and/or input/output devices,        etc.    -   set—a related plurality.    -   sharpness—acuteness and/or distinctness.    -   signal—(v) to communicate; (n) one or more automatically        detectable variations in a physical variable, such as a        pneumatic, hydraulic, acoustic, fluidic, mechanical, electrical,        magnetic, optical, chemical, and/or biological variable, such as        power, energy, pressure, flowrate, viscosity, density, torque,        impact, force, frequency, phase, voltage, current, resistance,        magnetomotive force, magnetic field intensity, magnetic field        flux, magnetic flux density, reluctance, permeability, index of        refraction, optical wavelength, polarization, reflectance,        transmittance, phase shift, concentration, and/or temperature,        etc., that can encode information, such as machine-implementable        instructions for activities and/or one or more letters, words,        characters, symbols, signal flags, visual displays, and/or        special sounds, etc., having prearranged meaning Depending on        the context, a signal and/or the information encoded therein can        be synchronous, asynchronous, hard real-time, soft real-time,        non-real time, continuously generated, continuously varying,        analog, discretely generated, discretely varying, quantized,        digital, broadcast, multicast, unicast, transmitted, conveyed,        received, continuously measured, discretely measured, processed,        encoded, encrypted, multiplexed, modulated, spread, de-spread,        demodulated, detected, de-multiplexed, decrypted, and/or        decoded, etc.    -   solid angle—a three-dimensional angle, formed by three or more        planes intersecting at a common point. Its magnitude is measured        in steradians, a unitless measure. The corner of a room forms a        solid angle, as does the apex of a cone; one can imagine an        indefinite number of planes forming the smooth round surface of        the cone all intersecting at the apex. Solid angles are commonly        used in photometry.    -   special purpose computer—a computer and/or information device        comprising a processor device having a plurality of logic gates,        whereby at least a portion of those logic gates, via        implementation of specific machine-implementable instructions by        the processor, experience a change in at least one physical and        measurable property, such as a voltage, current, charge, phase,        pressure, weight, height, tension, level, gap, position,        velocity, momentum, force, temperature, polarity, magnetic        field, magnetic force, magnetic orientation, reflectivity,        molecular linkage, molecular weight, etc., thereby directly        tying the specific machine-implementable instructions to the        logic gate's specific configuration and property(ies). In the        context of an electronic computer, each such change in the logic        gates creates a specific electrical circuit, thereby directly        tying the specific machine-implementable instructions to that        specific electrical circuit.    -   special purpose processor—a processor device, having a plurality        of logic gates, whereby at least a portion of those logic gates,        via implementation of specific machine-implementable        instructions by the processor, experience a change in at least        one physical and measurable property, such as a voltage,        current, charge, phase, pressure, weight, height, tension,        level, gap, position, velocity, momentum, force, temperature,        polarity, magnetic field, magnetic force, magnetic orientation,        reflectivity, molecular linkage, molecular weight, etc., thereby        directly tying the specific machine-implementable instructions        to the logic gate's specific configuration and property(ies). In        the context of an electronic computer, each such change in the        logic gates creates a specific electrical circuit, thereby        directly tying the specific machine-implementable instructions        to that specific electrical circuit.    -   spherical—of, relating to, and/or having a shape approximating        that of a sphere.    -   spring—a flexible elastic object, such as a coil of wire, bent        bar, coupled set of plates, washer, etc., that regains its        original shape after being compressed or extended, is used to        store mechanical energy, and is often made of hardened and        tempered material, such as steel. Types of springs can include        coil springs, helical springs, conical springs, torsion springs,        tension springs, compression springs, leaf springs, V-springs,        spiral springs, spring washers, gas springs, rubber bands, etc.    -   state—a qualitative and/or quantitative description of        condition, and/or a condition of an entity at an identified        time.    -   store—to place, hold, and/or retain data, typically in a memory.    -   storage device—a device adapted to store information, energy,        and/or one or more physical things for subsequent use and/or        retrieval.    -   strip—a relatively long piece, usually of substantially uniform        width.    -   structure—something made up of a number of parts that are held        and/or put together in a particular way.    -   substantially—to a great extent and/or degree.    -   substrate—an underlying material, region, base, stratum, course,        lamina, coating, and/or sheet.    -   sufficiently—to a degree necessary to achieve a predetermined        result.    -   support—to bear the weight of, especially from below.    -   surface—the outer boundary of an object and/or a material layer        constituting and/or resembling such a boundary.    -   switch—(n.) a mechanical, electrical, and/or electronic device        that opens and/or closes circuits, completes and/or breaks an        electrical path, and/or selects paths and/or circuits; (v.) to:        form, open, and/or close one or more circuits; form, complete,        and/or break an electrical and/or informational path; alternate        between electrically energizing and de-energizing; select a path        and/or circuit from a plurality of available paths and/or        circuits; and/or establish a connection between disparate        transmission path segments in a network (or between        networks); (n) a physical device, such as a mechanical,        electrical, and/or electronic device, that is adapted to switch.    -   switch—(v) to: form, open, and/or close one or more circuits;        form, complete, and/or break an electrical and/or informational        path; select a path and/or circuit from a plurality of available        paths and/or circuits; and/or establish a connection between        disparate transmission path segments in a network (or between        networks); (n) a physical device, such as a mechanical,        electrical, and/or electronic device, that is adapted to switch.    -   switching speed—the time required to change from one CTO        distance to another.    -   system—a collection of mechanisms, devices, machines, articles        of manufacture, processes, data, and/or instructions, the        collection designed to perform one or more specific functions.    -   transfer—(n) a transmission from one device, place, and/or state        to another. (v) to convey from one device, place, and/or state        to another.    -   transform—to change in measurable: form, appearance, nature,        and/or character.    -   transmit—to send as a signal, provide, furnish, and/or supply.    -   transmitter—a device that generates and/or transmits a        meaningful signal, often optically, chemically, acoustically,        hydraulically, pneumatically, electrically, electronically,        and/or via electromagnetic waves.    -   transparent—clear; characterized by conveying incident light        without reflecting or absorbing a substantial portion of that        light; and/or having the property of transmitting rays of light        through its substance so that bodies situated beyond or behind        can be distinctly seen.    -   unique—separate and distinct.    -   user—a person, organization, process, device, program, protocol,        and/or system, such as a wearer, subscriber, customer, provider,        server administrator, etc., that uses at least a portion of a        device, system, process, method, and/or service described        herein.    -   user interface—any device for rendering information to a user        and/or requesting information from the user. A user interface        includes at least one of textual, graphical, audio, video,        animation, and/or haptic elements. A textual element can be        provided, for example, by a printer, monitor, display,        projector, etc. A graphical element can be provided, for        example, via a monitor, display, projector, and/or visual        indication device, such as a light, flag, beacon, etc. An audio        element can be provided, for example, via a speaker, microphone,        and/or other sound generating and/or receiving device. A video        element or animation element can be provided, for example, via a        monitor, display, projector, and/or other visual device. A        haptic element can be provided, for example, via a very low        frequency speaker, vibrator, tactile stimulator, tactile pad,        simulator, keyboard, keypad, mouse, trackball, joystick,        gamepad, wheel, touchpad, touch panel, pointing device, and/or        other haptic device, etc. A user interface can include one or        more textual elements such as, for example, one or more letters,        number, symbols, etc. A user interface can include one or more        graphical elements such as, for example, an image, photograph,        drawing, icon, window, title bar, panel, sheet, tab, drawer,        matrix, table, form, calendar, outline view, frame, dialog box,        static text, text box, list, pick list, pop-up list, pull-down        list, menu, tool bar, dock, check box, radio button, hyperlink,        browser, button, control, palette, preview panel, color wheel,        dial, slider, scroll bar, cursor, status bar, stepper, and/or        progress indicator, etc. A textual and/or graphical element can        be used for selecting, programming, adjusting, changing,        specifying, etc. an appearance, background color, background        style, border style, border thickness, foreground color, font,        font style, font size, alignment, line spacing, indent, maximum        data length, validation, query, cursor type, pointer type,        autosizing, position, and/or dimension, etc. A user interface        can include one or more audio elements such as, for example, a        volume control, pitch control, speed control, voice selector,        and/or one or more elements for controlling audio play, speed,        pause, fast forward, reverse, etc. A user interface can include        one or more video elements such as, for example, elements        controlling video play, speed, pause, fast forward, reverse,        zoom-in, zoom-out, rotate, and/or tilt, etc. A user interface        can include one or more animation elements such as, for example,        elements controlling animation play, pause, fast forward,        reverse, zoom-in, zoom-out, rotate, tilt, color, intensity,        speed, frequency, appearance, etc. A user interface can include        one or more haptic elements such as, for example, elements        utilizing tactile stimulus, force, pressure, vibration, motion,        displacement, temperature, etc.    -   valve—a device that regulates flow through a pipe and/or through        an aperture by opening, closing, and/or obstructing a port        and/or passageway.    -   variable—(n) a property, parameter, and/or characteristic        capable of assuming any of an associated set of values. (adj)        likely to change and/or vary; subject to variation; and/or        changeable.    -   variable-focus—having the quality of adjustable focus in a        single specified optic.    -   vary—to change, alter, and/or modify one or more characteristics        and/or attributes of.    -   via—by way of and/or utilizing.    -   visual—able to be seen by the eye; visible.    -   voltage—(a.k.a., “potential difference” and “electro-motive        force” (EMF)) a difference in electrical potential between any        two conductors of an electrical circuit and/or a quantity,        expressed as a signed number of Volts (V), and measured as a        signed difference between two points in an electrical circuit        which, when divided by the resistance in Ohms between those        points, gives the current flowing between those points in        Amperes, according to Ohm's Law.    -   wavefront—a surface containing points affected in substantially        the same way by a wave at a substantially predetermined time.    -   weight—a value indicative of importance.    -   when—at a time and/or during the time at which.    -   wherein—in regard to which; and; and/or in addition to.    -   wireless—any communication technique that transmits a signal        that does not require the use of a wire and/or guide connecting        a transmitter and a receiver and/or utilizes electromagnetic        waves emitted by an antenna (i.e., via an unguided medium),        including such communication techniques as sonar, radio,        cellular, cellular radio, digital cellular radio, ELF, LF, MF,        HF, VHF, UHF, SHF, EHF, radar, microwave, satellite microwave,        laser, infrared, etc., but excluding purely visual signaling,        such as semaphore, smoke signals, sign language, etc., the        communication technique having a baseband and/or carrier        frequency ranging from about 1 Hz to about 2×1014 Hz (about 200        teraHertz), including all values therebetween, such as for        example, about 40 Hz, 6.010 kHz, 8.7 MHz, 4.518 GHz, 30 GHz,        etc. and including all subranges therebetween, such as for        example, from about 100 kHz to about 100 MHz, about 30 MHz to        about 1 GHz, about 3 kHz to about 300 GHz, etc. Wireless        communications can include analog and/or digital data, signals,        and/or transmissions. Wireless communication can be via any of a        plurality of protocols such as, for example, cellular CDMA,        TDMA, GSM, GPRS, UMTS, W-CDMA, CDMA2000, TD-CDMA, 802.11a,        802.11b, 802.11g, 802.15.1, 802.15.4, 802.16, and/or Bluetooth,        etc.    -   with—accompanied by.    -   within—inside the limits of.    -   worn—donned by a wearer.    -   zonule—a ring of fibrous strands connecting the ciliary body        with the crystalline lens of the eye.

Note

Various substantially and specifically practical and useful exemplaryembodiments are described herein, textually and/or graphically,including the best mode, if any, known to the inventor(s), forimplementing the described subject matter by persons having ordinaryskill in the art. Any of numerous possible variations (e.g.,modifications, augmentations, embellishments, refinements, and/orenhancements, etc.), details (e.g., species, aspects, nuances, and/orelaborations, etc.), and/or equivalents (e.g., substitutions,replacements, combinations, and/or alternatives, etc.) of one or moreembodiments described herein might become apparent upon reading thisdocument to a person having ordinary skill in the art, relying uponhis/her expertise and/or knowledge of the entirety of the art andwithout exercising undue experimentation. The inventor(s) expectsskilled artisans to implement such variations, details, and/orequivalents as appropriate, and the inventor(s) therefore intends forthe described subject matter to be practiced other than as specificallydescribed herein. Accordingly, as permitted by law, the describedsubject matter includes and covers all variations, details, andequivalents of that described subject matter. Moreover, as permitted bylaw, every combination of the herein described characteristics,functions, activities, substances, and/or structural elements, and allpossible variations, details, and equivalents thereof, is encompassed bythe described subject matter unless otherwise clearly indicated herein,clearly and specifically disclaimed, or otherwise clearly contradictedby context.

The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”)provided herein, is intended merely to better illuminate one or moreembodiments and does not pose a limitation on the scope of any describedsubject matter unless otherwise stated. No language herein should beconstrued as indicating any described subject matter as essential to thepractice of the described subject matter.

Thus, regardless of the content of any portion (e.g., title, field,background, summary, description, abstract, drawing figure, etc.) ofthis document, unless clearly specified to the contrary, such as viaexplicit definition, assertion, or argument, or clearly contradicted bycontext, with respect to any claim, whether of this document and/or anyclaim of any document claiming priority hereto, and whether originallypresented or otherwise:

-   -   there is no requirement for the inclusion of any particular        described characteristic, function, activity, substance, or        structural element, for any particular sequence of activities,        for any particular combination of substances, or for any        particular interrelationship of elements;    -   no described characteristic, function, activity, substance, or        structural element is “essential”;    -   any two or more described substances can be mixed, combined,        reacted, separated, and/or segregated;    -   any described characteristics, functions, activities,        substances, and/or structural elements can be integrated,        segregated, and/or duplicated;    -   any described activity can be performed manually,        semi-automatically, and/or automatically;    -   any described activity can be repeated, any activity can be        performed by multiple entities, and/or any activity can be        performed in multiple jurisdictions; and    -   any described characteristic, function, activity, substance,        and/or structural element can be specifically excluded, the        sequence of activities can vary, and/or the interrelationship of        structural elements can vary.

The use of the terms “a”, “an”, “said”, “the”, and/or similar referentsin the context of describing various embodiments (especially in thecontext of any claims presented herein or in any document claimingpriority hereto) are to be construed to cover both the singular and theplural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted bycontext.

The terms “comprising,” “having,” “including,” and “containing” are tobe construed as open-ended terms (i.e., meaning “including, but notlimited to,”) unless otherwise noted.

When any number or range is described herein, unless clearly statedotherwise, that number or range is approximate. Recitation of ranges ofvalues herein are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method ofreferring individually to each separate value falling within the range,unless otherwise indicated herein, and each separate value and eachseparate subrange defined by such separate values is incorporated intoand clearly implied as being presented within the specification as if itwere individually recited herein. For example, if a range of 1 to 10 isdescribed, even implicitly, unless otherwise stated, that rangenecessarily includes all values therebetween, such as for example, 1.1,2.5, 3.335, 5, 6.179, 8.9999, etc., and includes all subrangestherebetween, such as for example, 1 to 3.65, 2.8 to 8.14, 1.93 to 9,etc.

When any phrase (i.e., one or more words) described herein or appearingin a claim is followed by a drawing element number, that drawing elementnumber is exemplary and non-limiting on the description and claim scope.

No claim of this document or any document claiming priority hereto isintended to invoke paragraph six of 35 USC 112 unless the precise phrase“means for” is followed by a gerund.

Any information in any material (e.g., a United States patent, UnitedStates patent application, book, article, etc.) that has beenincorporated by reference herein, is incorporated by reference herein inits entirety to its fullest enabling extent permitted by law yet only tothe extent that no conflict exists between such information and theother statements and drawings set forth herein. In the event of suchconflict, including a conflict that would render invalid any claimherein or seeking priority hereto, then any such conflicting informationin such material is specifically not incorporated by reference herein.

Within this document, and during prosecution of any patent applicationrelated hereto (including any patent application claiming priorityhereto) any reference to any claimed subject matter is intended toreference the precise language of the then-pending claimed subjectmatter at that particular point in time only.

Accordingly, every portion (e.g., title, field, background, summary,description, abstract, drawing figure, etc.) of this document, and anyprovided definitions of the phrases used herein, is to be regarded asillustrative in nature, and not as restrictive. The scope of subjectmatter protected by any claim of any patent that issues based on thisdocument is defined and limited only by the precise language of thatclaim (and all legal equivalents thereof) and any provided definition ofany phrase used in that claim, as informed by the context of thisdocument.

What is claimed is:
 1. A device comprising: an implantable ciliarymuscle power converter adapted to connect to an eye structure and toconvert mechanical forces generated by the ciliary muscle into power. 2.The device of claim 1, wherein: the implantable ciliary muscle powerconverter comprises a magnet.
 3. The device of claim 1, wherein: theimplantable ciliary muscle power converter comprises a coil.
 4. Thedevice of claim 1, wherein: the implantable ciliary muscle powerconverter comprises a spring.
 5. The device of claim 1, wherein: theimplantable ciliary muscle power converter comprises a hydraulic piston.6. The device of claim 1, wherein: the implantable ciliary muscle powerconverter comprises a hydraulic valve.
 7. The device of claim 1,wherein: the implantable ciliary muscle power converter comprises aplurality of nanowires.
 8. The device of claim 1 wherein: theimplantable ciliary muscle power converter comprises a piezoelectricstrip.
 9. The device of claim 1, wherein: the implantable ciliary musclepower converter is adapted to attach to the ciliary muscle.
 10. Thedevice of claim 1 wherein: the implantable ciliary muscle powerconverter is attached to the capsular equator.
 11. The device of claim1, wherein: the implantable ciliary muscle power converter is adapted toattach to one or more zonules.
 12. The device of claim 1, wherein: theimplantable ciliary muscle power converter is adapted to be placedinside a capsule of the eye.
 13. The device of claim 1, furthercomprising: a variable resistor adapted to sense movement of the ciliarymuscle.
 14. A device comprising: an implantable ciliary muscle movementsensor.
 15. The device of claim 14, wherein: the implantable ciliarymuscle movement sensor is adapted to attach to the ciliary muscle. 16.The device of claim 14, wherein: the implantable ciliary muscle movementsensor is adapted to attach to one or more zonules.
 17. The device ofclaim 14, wherein: the implantable ciliary muscle movement sensor isadapted to be placed inside a capsule of the eye.
 18. The device ofclaim 14, wherein: the implantable ciliary muscle movement sensor isadapted to attach to a ciliary muscle power converter.
 19. A methodcomprising a plurality of activities, comprising: via a device implantedin a mammal, converting a ciliary muscle force to predetermined form ofpower.
 20. A method comprising a plurality of activities, comprising:via a device implanted in a mammal, sensing a ciliary muscle movement.21. A method comprising a plurality of activities, comprising: via adevice implanted in a mammal, sensing a ciliary muscle force.
 22. Acircuit adapted to convert ciliary muscle force to electrical power. 23.A circuit adapted to sense ciliary muscle movement.
 24. A systemcomprising: an electro-active lens implanted into a user's eye; acontrol circuit adapted to control an optical power of theelectro-active lens; a receiver adapted to receive signals from atransmitter that is adapted to send a predetermined signal to thereceiver; the predetermined signal adapted to cause the receiver toadjust an optical power of the electro-active lens.
 25. A systemcomprising: a first transmitter adapted to: be operated by apredetermined first finger of a user; wirelessly transmit a first signalto one or more receivers of an ophthalmic device when the firsttransmitter is within a predetermined proximity of the one or morereceivers, the ophthalmic device implanted in or worn by the user, thefirst signal adapted to cause the ophthalmic device to provide the userwith a first predetermined visual condition; and a second transmitteradapted to: be operated by a predetermined second finger of the user;wirelessly transmit a second signal to the one or more receivers whenthe second transmitter is within a predetermined proximity of the one ormore receivers, the second signal adapted to cause the ophthalmic deviceto provide the user with a second predetermined visual condition. 26.The device of claim 25, further comprising: the receiver.
 27. The deviceof claim 25, further comprising: the ophthalmic device.
 28. The deviceof claim 25, wherein: the receiver is implanted in the user.
 29. Thedevice of claim 25, wherein: the receiver is implanted inside an eye ofthe user.
 30. The device of claim 25, wherein: the receiver is worn onan eye of the user.
 31. The device of claim 25, wherein: the ophthalmicdevice is implanted inside an eye of the user.
 32. The device of claim25, wherein: the ophthalmic device is worn on an eye of the user. 33.The device of claim 25, wherein: the ophthalmic device comprises anelectro-active lens.
 34. The device of claim 25, wherein: the firsttransmitter is adapted to be implanted in the first predeterminedfinger.
 35. The device of claim 25, wherein: the first transmitter isadapted to be worn on the first predetermined finger.
 36. The device ofclaim 25, wherein: the first transmitter is adapted to be held in a handof the user.
 37. The device of claim 25, wherein: the first transmitterand/or the second transmitter is integrated into a jewelry item.
 38. Thedevice of claim 25, wherein: the first transmitter comprises a buttonadapted to provoke transmission of the first signal.
 39. The device ofclaim 25, wherein: the first transmitter is adapted to transferelectrical energy to an energy storage device of the ophthalmic device.40. The device of claim 25, wherein: the first transmitter is adapted totransfer sufficient electrical energy to operate the ophthalmic device.41. The device of claim 25, wherein: the first transmitter comprises oneor more inductance coils.
 42. The device of claim 25, wherein: the firstsignal identifies the first transmitter.
 43. The device of claim 25,wherein: the first transmitter is adapted to control one or more liquidcrystals of the ophthalmic device.
 44. The device of claim 25, wherein:the first transmitter is adapted to change an optical state of one ormore liquid crystals of the ophthalmic device.
 45. The device of claim25, wherein: the first visual condition is associated with two eyes ofthe user.
 46. The device of claim 25, wherein: the first visualcondition is associated with only one eye of the user.
 47. The device ofclaim 25, wherein: the first visual condition is a focal distance. 48.The device of claim 25, wherein: the first visual condition is a farfocal distance.
 49. The device of claim 25, wherein: the first visualcondition is a near focal distance.
 50. The device of claim 25, wherein:the first visual condition is a changing focal distance.
 51. The deviceof claim 25, wherein: the first visual condition is an optical power.52. The device of claim 25, wherein: the first visual condition is alack of visual correction.
 53. A method comprising: from a firsttransmitter adapted to be operated by a predetermined first finger of auser: wirelessly transmitting a first signal to one or more receivers ofan ophthalmic device when the first transmitter is within apredetermined proximity of the one or more receivers, the ophthalmicdevice implanted in or worn by the user, the first signal adapted tocause the ophthalmic device to provide the user with a firstpredetermined visual condition; and from a second transmitter adapted tobe operated by a predetermined second finger of the user: wirelesslytransmit a second signal to the one or more receivers when the secondtransmitter is within a predetermined proximity of the one or morereceivers, the second signal adapted to cause the ophthalmic device toprovide the user with a second predetermined visual condition.
 54. Asystem comprising: a transmitter adapted to: be operated by a finger ofa user; wirelessly transmit a first signal to one or more receivers ofan ophthalmic device when the transmitter is within a predeterminedproximity of the one or more receivers, the ophthalmic device implantedin or worn by the user, the first signal adapted to cause the ophthalmicdevice to provide the user with a first predetermined visual condition.